ABSTRACT
Abstract Tuberculosis is a communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The study's primary objective is to compare conventional methods such as acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture and microscopy with rapid diagnostic methods. The secondary objective is to compare histopathological and microbiological findings in suspected patients with tubercular lymphadenitis. A total of 111 samples (August 2018 to September 2019) of lymph nodes were processed for AFB microscopy, AFB cultures, drug-susceptibility testing (DST), histopathology, and Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to Rifampin (RIF) assays. Out of 111 lymph node samples, 6 (5.4%) were positive for AFB smear microscopy, 84 (75.6%) were positive for AFB culture, 80 (70.7%) were positive on Gene Xpert, and 102 (91.8%) were indicative of tuberculosis for histopathology studies. Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture positivity was 84 (75.6%) higher than solid Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture 74 (66.6%). Positive cultures underwent phenotypic DST. Two cases were Multidrug-resistant (MDR) on DST, while three cases were Rifampicin resistant on Gene Xpert. The sensitivity of Genexpert was (62%) against the conventional AFB culture method. The poor performance of conventional lymphadenitis diagnostic methods requires early and accurate diagnostic methodology. Xpert MTB/RIF test can help in the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB cases. Nonetheless, rapid and conventional methods should be used for complete isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Resumo A tuberculose é uma doença transmissível com altas taxas de morbimortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo principal do estudo é comparar métodos convencionais, como cultura de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR) e microscopia, com métodos de diagnóstico rápido. O objetivo secundário é comparar os achados histopatológicos e microbiológicos em pacientes com suspeita de linfadenite tubercular. Um total de 111 amostras (agosto de 2018 a setembro de 2019) de gânglios linfáticos foi processado para microscopia de AFB, culturas de AFB, teste de susceptibilidade a drogas (DST), histopatologia e Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/ensaios de resistência à rifampicina (RIF). Das 111 amostras de linfonodos, 6 (5,4%) foram positivas para baciloscopia de AFB, 84 (75,6%) foram positivas para cultura de AFB, 80 (70,7%) foram positivas para o GeneXpert e 102 (91,8%) foram indicativas de tuberculose para estudos histopatológicos. A positividade da cultura do tubo indicador de crescimento de micobactérias (MGIT) foi 84 (75,6%), maior que a cultura sólida de Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ), 74 (66,6%). As culturas positivas foram submetidas a DST fenotípico. Dois casos eram multirresistentes (MDR) ao DST, enquanto três casos eram resistentes à rifampicina no GeneXpert. A sensibilidade do GeneXpert foi 62% contra o método convencional de cultura AFB. O fraco desempenho dos métodos convencionais de diagnóstico de linfadenite requer metodologia de diagnóstico precoce e precisa. O teste Xpert MTB/RIF pode ajudar no tratamento de casos de tuberculose multirresistente. No entanto, métodos rápidos e convencionais devem ser usados para o isolamento completo do Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Rifampin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The study's primary objective is to compare conventional methods such as acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture and microscopy with rapid diagnostic methods. The secondary objective is to compare histopathological and microbiological findings in suspected patients with tubercular lymphadenitis. A total of 111 samples (August 2018 to September 2019) of lymph nodes were processed for AFB microscopy, AFB cultures, drug-susceptibility testing (DST), histopathology, and Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to Rifampin (RIF) assays. Out of 111 lymph node samples, 6 (5.4%) were positive for AFB smear microscopy, 84 (75.6%) were positive for AFB culture, 80 (70.7%) were positive on Gene Xpert, and 102 (91.8%) were indicative of tuberculosis for histopathology studies. Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture positivity was 84 (75.6%) higher than solid Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture 74 (66.6%). Positive cultures underwent phenotypic DST. Two cases were Multidrug-resistant (MDR) on DST, while three cases were Rifampicin resistant on Gene Xpert. The sensitivity of Genexpert was (62%) against the conventional AFB culture method. The poor performance of conventional lymphadenitis diagnostic methods requires early and accurate diagnostic methodology. Xpert MTB/RIF test can help in the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB cases. Nonetheless, rapid and conventional methods should be used for complete isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A tuberculose é uma doença transmissível com altas taxas de morbimortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo principal do estudo é comparar métodos convencionais, como cultura de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR) e microscopia, com métodos de diagnóstico rápido. O objetivo secundário é comparar os achados histopatológicos e microbiológicos em pacientes com suspeita de linfadenite tubercular. Um total de 111 amostras (agosto de 2018 a setembro de 2019) de gânglios linfáticos foi processado para microscopia de AFB, culturas de AFB, teste de susceptibilidade a drogas (DST), histopatologia e Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/ensaios de resistência à rifampicina (RIF). Das 111 amostras de linfonodos, 6 (5,4%) foram positivas para baciloscopia de AFB, 84 (75,6%) foram positivas para cultura de AFB, 80 (70,7%) foram positivas para o GeneXpert e 102 (91,8%) foram indicativas de tuberculose para estudos histopatológicos. A positividade da cultura do tubo indicador de crescimento de micobactérias (MGIT) foi 84 (75,6%), maior que a cultura sólida de Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ), 74 (66,6%). As culturas positivas foram submetidas a DST fenotípico. Dois casos eram multirresistentes (MDR) ao DST, enquanto três casos eram resistentes à rifampicina no GeneXpert. A sensibilidade do GeneXpert foi 62% contra o método convencional de cultura AFB. O fraco desempenho dos métodos convencionais de diagnóstico de linfadenite requer metodologia de diagnóstico precoce e precisa. O teste Xpert MTB/RIF pode ajudar no tratamento de casos de tuberculose multirresistente. No entanto, métodos rápidos e convencionais devem ser usados para o isolamento completo do Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/microbiology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresABSTRACT
Abstract Tuberculosis is a communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The study's primary objective is to compare conventional methods such as acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture and microscopy with rapid diagnostic methods. The secondary objective is to compare histopathological and microbiological findings in suspected patients with tubercular lymphadenitis. A total of 111 samples (August 2018 to September 2019) of lymph nodes were processed for AFB microscopy, AFB cultures, drug-susceptibility testing (DST), histopathology, and Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to Rifampin (RIF) assays. Out of 111 lymph node samples, 6 (5.4%) were positive for AFB smear microscopy, 84 (75.6%) were positive for AFB culture, 80 (70.7%) were positive on Gene Xpert, and 102 (91.8%) were indicative of tuberculosis for histopathology studies. Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture positivity was 84 (75.6%) higher than solid Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture 74 (66.6%). Positive cultures underwent phenotypic DST. Two cases were Multidrug-resistant (MDR) on DST, while three cases were Rifampicin resistant on Gene Xpert. The sensitivity of Genexpert was (62%) against the conventional AFB culture method. The poor performance of conventional lymphadenitis diagnostic methods requires early and accurate diagnostic methodology. Xpert MTB/RIF test can help in the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB cases. Nonetheless, rapid and conventional methods should be used for complete isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Resumo A tuberculose é uma doença transmissível com altas taxas de morbimortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo principal do estudo é comparar métodos convencionais, como cultura de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR) e microscopia, com métodos de diagnóstico rápido. O objetivo secundário é comparar os achados histopatológicos e microbiológicos em pacientes com suspeita de linfadenite tubercular. Um total de 111 amostras (agosto de 2018 a setembro de 2019) de gânglios linfáticos foi processado para microscopia de AFB, culturas de AFB, teste de susceptibilidade a drogas (DST), histopatologia e Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/ensaios de resistência à rifampicina (RIF). Das 111 amostras de linfonodos, 6 (5,4%) foram positivas para baciloscopia de AFB, 84 (75,6%) foram positivas para cultura de AFB, 80 (70,7%) foram positivas para o GeneXpert e 102 (91,8%) foram indicativas de tuberculose para estudos histopatológicos. A positividade da cultura do tubo indicador de crescimento de micobactérias (MGIT) foi 84 (75,6%), maior que a cultura sólida de Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ), 74 (66,6%). As culturas positivas foram submetidas a DST fenotípico. Dois casos eram multirresistentes (MDR) ao DST, enquanto três casos eram resistentes à rifampicina no GeneXpert. A sensibilidade do GeneXpert foi 62% contra o método convencional de cultura AFB. O fraco desempenho dos métodos convencionais de diagnóstico de linfadenite requer metodologia de diagnóstico precoce e precisa. O teste Xpert MTB/RIF pode ajudar no tratamento de casos de tuberculose multirresistente. No entanto, métodos rápidos e convencionais devem ser usados para o isolamento completo do Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Trace elements have an important influence on the living system and play a major role in a variety of processes necessary for life. This case study was conducted as an attempt to expand our knowledge of the relationship between trace elements and their effect on acute pancreatitis. Sixty-five patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis with mean age 43.6 years, along with sixty-five healthy volunteers with a mean age 45.7 years, were included in this study. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in the Cu, Ni and Cr levels, and a significant decrease in the Zn, Mg and Fe levels for acute pancreatitis patients compared with the control group (p <0.001). In addition, a remarkable increase in the Cu/Zn ratio was observed in patients. The current work provides important evidence of correlation between changes in copper and zinc levels and the risk of acute pancreatitis. Also, an increased Cu/Zn ratio may be a useful indication for the diagnosis and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. Moreover, the current study concluded that there is a possible relationship of Mg, Fe, Ni and Cr with acute pancreatitis. Thus, it can be suggested that these elements are reliable to provide indications for warning of the risk of acute pancreatitis.
ABSTRACT
Zn2+ is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins, which regulate mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis and mitophagy. However, it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn2+ level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn2+. We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn2+ exporter. Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, which damages mitochondria, impairs animal development and shortens the life span. We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn2+ import. Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9. Moreover, we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn2+ pool from which mitochondrial Zn2+ is imported. These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial Zn2+ levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.
Subject(s)
Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism , Cation Transport Proteins/genetics , Homeostasis , Mitochondria/metabolism , Zinc/metabolismABSTRACT
The hydroponic culture test method was used to study the physiological and biochemical responses of Paulownia fortunei seedlings under Zn stress, Cd stress, and combined Zn and Cd stress as well as changes in the enrichment and transfer characteristics of heavy metals. Under single and combined heavy metal stress, the biomass, plant height, and peroxidase (POD) activity of P. fortunei decreased as the treatment concentration increased. Combined Zn and Cd affected adversely plant height and biomass. As the concentration of Zn increased when applied alone, the chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity of P. fortunei first increased and then decreased, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, and the aboveground malondialdehyde (MDA) content first decreased and then increased. As the concentration of Cd increased when applied alone, chlorophyll content and CAT activity increased, and SOD activity and aboveground MDA content first increased and then decreased. Under both Cd and Zn, the physiological response was more complex. Cd in the seedlings of P. fortunei was concentrated in the root. In contrast, Zn was concentrated in the upper part of the ground, and its transfer coefficient was greater than 1.00. Thus, the addition of Zn promotes the transfer of heavy metals to the above-ground portions of plants. Generally, P. fortunei can effectively promote ecological restoration under complex forms of heavy metal pollution.
Subject(s)
Cadmium , Chlorophyll , Metals, Heavy , Plant Roots/chemistry , Seedlings , Soil Pollutants , Stress, Physiological , Superoxide Dismutase , ZincABSTRACT
Aim: To develop new Trichoderma strains, capable of removing toxic heavy metal ions from polluted environments, via protoplast fusion.Methodology: Trichoderma parental strains (T. viride and T. koningii) along with their ten fusants (Tk+Tv 1, Tk+Tv 2, Tk+Tv 3, Tk+Tv 4, Tk+Tv 5, Tk+Tv 6, Tk+Tv 7, Tk+Tv 8, Tk+Tv 9 and Tk+Tv 10) were obtained from the Department of Plant Pathology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The strains obtained by protoplast fusion were examined for their ability to remove toxic heavy metal ions, especially zinc ion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to detect the zinc uptake mechanism of Trichoderma parental and their fusant strains. Results: FTIR results demonstrated the Zn ion uptake capacity of fusant strains was found to be higher than that of the parental strains (12.8 to 10.7 mg g-1 on a dry weight basis at 1300 ppm). The highest Zn ion mobility observed was 62.1 mg. kg-1 and the highest Zn ion mobility observed per strain was 12.4% in Tk+Tv 3, followed by 11.86 % in Tk + Tv 7, 11.84% in Tk + Tv 9 and 11.28% in Tk + Tv 10. Parental and fusant strains Tk + Tv 3, Tk + Tv 8 and Tk + Tv 10 confirmed the involvement of different functional groups for different concentrations of zinc during adsorption by the fungus. Interpretation: FTIR results identified greater metal removal capacity in the fusant strains, particularly for soil Zn ion. Zinc tolerance was higher in the fusant strains than in the parental strains. Thus, protoplast fusion is an effective and feasible method for constructing new strains that can be used for bioremediation of contaminated environments.
ABSTRACT
The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of endogenous minerals (Zn and Ca), seminal proteins and oxidative stress on semen quality of crossbred bulls. Two crossbred bulls with history of good initial quality, high sperm motility percentage, and freezable ejaculates and poor initial quality, low sperm motility percentage, and donating mostly non-freezable ejaculates (Bull B), respectively were utilized. Six ejaculates from each bull were used and categorized into high progressive motile as good quality and low progressive motile as poor quality ejaculates groups. Total 24 ejaculates were taken during entire period of study. The level of Zn, Ca in seminal plasma and Ca in sperm pellets was found significantly (P<0.05) higher in good quality ejaculates of Bull A compared to poor quality ejaculates of Bull B; however, the level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde was significantly higher (P<0.05) in poor quality ejaculates of Bull B compare to good quality ejaculate of Bull A. The 25 kDa protein band was prominent only in good quality ejaculate of Bull A. It was concluded that several proteinaceous antioxidant enzymes which may be present in 25 kDa band and minerals like Zn and Ca as a cofactors of these enzymes could be responsible for good quality semen ejaculates of Bull A
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Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PCR targeting IS1081in diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis and compare the results with MGIT culture.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, S.N. medical college, Agra. 100 subjects (28 pulmonary 72 extra pulmonary) were registered in study. The specimens obtained from these cases were subjected to Ziehl'Neelsen staining (ZN), MGIT 960 TB culture and PCR targeting insertion sequence IS1081. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PCR were calculated in pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens. The results of PCR IS1081 were compared to MGIT culture.Results: Microscopy with ZN staining was positive in 12 (12%) samples. MGIT culture was positive in 44% samples with maximum positivity in sputum (70%). PCR IS1081 has shown 93.3% sensitivity in pulmonary tuberculosis, while PCR IS1081 has shown 93.1% sensitivity in extra pulmonary tuberculosis.' In diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis PCR IS1081 was found to be statistically significant (p value <0.05) as compared with MGIT culture. Result was statistically significant (p value <0.05) in CSF samples only.Conclusions: The study concluded that the PCR targeting sequence IS1081 technique is the most sensitive technique for a quick identification of MTB in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Abstract This work reports the study of the potential application of Zn/TiO2 catalysts, obtained by the sol-gel method, in processes of environmental decontamination through the reactions of photodegradation of textile dye, followed by electrospray mass spectrometry. The catalysts synthesis was performed according to a 2² factorial design with repetition at the central point. The characterization techniques used were: N2 adsorption measurements (BET method), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (MEV/EDS), X-ray diffraction and point of zero charge (PZC). The photocatalytic tests were performed in batch in the presence of sunlight, and to evaluate the degradation kinetics study, a rapid direct injection electrospray mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) method has been developed. By the photocatalytic tests, the calcination temperature of 400 °C has shown the best results of discoloration for the reactive Orange-122 dye (99.76%) in a reaction time of 2h. The discoloration kinetics were a pseudo-first order, and a statistical analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the variables and to optimize the conditions of discoloration to the dye. After the reactional time of 2 h, an ion of m/z 441.5 was detected by ESI-MS, indicating that the photocatalytic process was effective for the degradation of the dye to secondary compounds.
Subject(s)
Azo Compounds/toxicity , Biodegradation, Environmental , Decontamination/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Wastewater , Photochemistry , Textiles/toxicity , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Catalysis , Catalytic Domain , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Coloring Agents , Photobioreactors , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Background: Extra pulmonary tuberculosis arises as a result of lymphatic spread from a primary focus. Fine needle aspiration cytology has assumed an important role in the evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy as a possible minimally invasive alternative to excisional biopsy. In most low-income countries; the only practically available bacteriologic method for diagnosing EPTB is direct smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli from the sample of the lesion. There are various methods of staining and concentration for improving sensitivity of direct microscopy for detection of tubercle bacilli in specimen.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College and associated Chattrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut for a period of 2 years from July 2016 - August 2018 in 151 patients with clinical suspicion of TB and significant lymphadenopathy.Results: AFB positivity increased from 40.39% on conventional ZN stain to 48.34% on modified bleach method ZN stain and to 56.29% on Auramine-O fluorescent stain. Taking fluorescent microscopy (Auramine-O) as reference method the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of conventional ZN stain and modified bleach method ZN stain were calculated as 71.8%, 100%, 100%, 73.33%, 84.10% and 85.33%,100%,100% ,84.61% ,92.05%, respectively.Conclusions: The addition of fluorescent microscopy (Auramine-O) and modified bleach method ZN microscopy along with conventional ZN staining method would be an important adjunct to improve the microscopic detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is rising globally due to the increased prevalence of HIV infection. Hence a high clinical suspicion and supportive diagnostics is necessary for the diagnosis . The incidence of Acid fast bacilli being positive by ZN stain is very low, but in our patient who prented with easy fatigability, fever and abdominal distension of 5 months duration found to have both pleural and ascitic fluid positive for the organism.the patient was started with anti-tuberculosis treatment and is improving.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis an aerobic intracellular binding bacterium (bacillus). Active TB disease can be fatal if left untreated. The disease today is considered curable and preventable. This retrospective study was undertaken to compare and analyzed the relationship between acute phase reactant proteins CRP (quantitative) and ESR in sputum smear positive for AFB patients and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Methods: The present prospective study was carried on a randomly selected study group comprising of 180 cases of pulmonary TB patients who were sputum smear positive for AFB and 25 normal healthy (sputum smear negative for AFB) individual were taken as control. The cases of PTB group was further categorized on the basis of recommendation of RNTCP grading system of AFB in Sputum ZN staining into four subgroups AFB – 3+, AFB – 2+, AFB –1+ and scanty. The control groups were negative for the Acid Fast bacilli in sputum. Results: In our study showed that the maximum patients seen in grade III (36.11%) followed by grade II (31.66%), grade I (19.44%) and 12.77% scanty according to RNTCP grading system of ZN staining of sputum for acid fast bacilli. The distribution of mean values of CRP, ESR in different grades of ZN staining of sputum in AFB positive patients as well as controls. CRP mean value was 55.4, 40.8 & 22.9 in grade III, grade II & grade I respectively and ESR was 48.1, 38.8 & 23 respectively in different grading significantly higher (p vol < 0.0001) in group II there were no serious adverse reactions in either group. Conclusions: Our study concluded that during the compression of values of CRP and ESR along with the grading of sputum AFB positive patients, the CRP raised more significantly as compare to ESR; with markedly raised values in all the grades of sputum AFB positive patients.
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Objective To study the anti-oxidation properties of Zn2+-quercetin complexes .Methods The binding stoi-chiometric ratios and the binding constant of Zn2+ to quercetin were measured with UV-Vis spectroscopy .The binding sites on quercetin were determined via1 H NMR spectroscopy .The antioxidant activities of Zn2+-quercetin complexes were compared to quercetin by scavenging DPPH radical method .The binding ratio of Zn2+ to quercetin depends on neutralization of phenol groups of quercetin .Results The binding ratio of Zn2+ to quercetin is 1:2 when less than two OH groups were deprotonated . The binding ratio is 1:1 when more than three OH groups were deprotonated .The apparent binding constant is 2 .42 × 106 M -1 for the 1:1 Zn2+-quercetin complex .The 3′-OH and 4′-OH of quercetin are involved in the Zn2+ binding .The scavenging DPPH radical activity of Zn2+-quercetin complex is 2 .3 times of quercetin .Conclusion These results provide a new insight to expand applications of this traditional Chinese medicine .
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OBJECTIVE Zn-doped CuO nanocomposites (nZn-CuO NPs) are novel nanoparticles synthesized by sonochemical method.This study aimed to further investigate the antitumor effects and mechanism of nZn-CuO NPs, as well as the exact mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on nZn-CuO NPs-induced death using N-acetylcysteine (NAC). METHODS The antitumor effects of nZn-CuO NPs were evaluated by MTS assay and orthotopic transplantation tumor model in nude mice. The effects of nZn-CuO NPs with or without NAC on ROS production, DNA damage, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, lysosome impairment, and ER and Golgi stress were determined. Also,western blot was used to detect apoptosis and autophagy related proteins,as well as NF-κB pathway related proteins. RESULTS nZn-CuO NPs significantly inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. nZn-CuO NPs were able to cause cytotoxicity, ROS production, DAN damage mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and autophagy, and NAC can attenuate them. Further studies showed that nZn-CuO NPs induced changes of apoptosis, autophagy and NF-κB pathway related proteins, and NAC can restore them. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrated that nZn-CuO NPs could inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo by ROS-dependent regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, which might be cross-linked by NF-κB pathways.
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OBJECTIVE Zn-doped CuO nanocomposites (Zn-CuO NPs) are novel nanoparticles synthesized by our research group.In this study,we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of Zn-CuO NPS on pancreatic cancer cells,as well as the potential mechanisms. METHODS MTS assay was used to detect the effects of Zn-CuO NPS on proliferation pancreatic cancer cells(Panc-mia and Aspc-1). The in vivo antitumor effects of Zn-CuO NPs were detected by xenografts model in nude mice. The effects of Zn-CuO NPS on autophagy were detected bytransmission electron microscopy (TEM) andflow cytometry. Autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Zn-CuO NPS significantly inhibited the proliferation of Panc-mia cells and Aspc-1 cells.In vivo experi-ments showed that Zn-CuO NPS significantly inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice without affecting the body weight of the mice. TEM and flow cytometry showed that Zn-CuO NPS induced autophagy, and significantly increased the number of autophagosome.Western Blot showed that Zn-CuO NPS alterd the expression of autophagy related proteins,such as AMPK,mTORand Beclin-1.Also,AMPK inhibitor could significantly reduce Zn-CuO NPS-induced autophagy pathwayas analyzed byWestern blotting. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that Zn-doped CuO nanocomposites inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer by inducing autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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The study is aimed to explore the effect of combination use of nitrogen(N) and zinc(Zn) fertilizers on the growth, yield and the effective components of Agastache rugosa. A. rugosa was grown under two N application rate (120, 300 kg·hm⁻²) and five Zn levels (0, 20, 50, 100，150 kg·hm⁻²) under field condition. The effect of the treatments on the physiological indicators, distribution of nitrogen and zinc and volatile oil components of A. rugosa were studied. The results showed that the combination use of N and Zn could significantly affect the growth and development, yield and volatile oil components of A. rugosa. Under the test conditions, the highest yield of Agastaches Herba was obtained when 50 kg·hm⁻² of Zn fertilizer was applied with high N application rate of 300 kg·hm⁻². Under the same N application rate, the increase of Zn production was positively correlated with the amount of Zn application in a certain concentration range, but excessive Zn application led to the decrease of yield. With the increase of N application level, the content of Zn also significantly increased. The combination use of N and Zn increased the yield of Agastaches Herba. High level of N application was beneficial to the absorption and accumulation of N and Zn of A. rugosa. Zn fertilizer could also promote the absorption and accumulation of N of A. rugosa. The interaction between N and Zn had significant influence on the main chemical constituents of the volatile oil of A. rugosa. Among the volatile oil chemical constituents of A. rugosa the content of pulegone (34.56%-53.91%) and piperonyl methyl ether (18.86%-42.27%) were much higher. Under the same N application rate, different Zn application rates also had significant effects on the main chemical components of volatile oil.
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Effect of cooling rate during oxidation treatment on the hardness change by post firing heat treatment of a Pd-Cu-Ga-Zn alloy after simulated porcelain firing was investigated and the following results were obtained. In the firing simulated specimens after quenching during the oxidation treatment, the hardness did not increase by post-firing heat treatment. However, in the firing simulated specimens after slow cooling during the oxidation treatment, post-firing heat treatment for 25 minutes was effective in increasing the hardness (p < 0.05). In the firing simulated specimens after quenching during the oxidation treatment, the significant decrease in hardness during the post-firing heat treatment was attributed to the coarsening of fine precipitates formed in the matrix and plate-like precipitates. In the firing simulated specimens after slow cooling during the oxidation treatment, the increase in hardness during the post-firing heat treatment for 25 minutes was due to precipitation hardening. From these results, it was found that the cooling rate during the oxidation treatment affected the change of hardness by the post-firing heat treatment after the simulated firing. From these results, post-firing heat treatment increased the hardness of the Pd-Cu-Ga-Zn alloy only when the cooling rate during the oxidation treatment was slow.
Subject(s)
Alloys , Dental Porcelain , Fires , Hardness , Hot TemperatureABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of lipid-coated ZnO (LCZ) and the level of LCZ compared with ordinary zinc oxide (ZnO) on antioxidant defense system in the intestine and liver of piglets. A total of forty piglets (n=8) were fed a diet supplemented with 100 ppm Zn with ZnO (ZnO-1), 2,500 ppm Zn with ZnO (ZnO-2), 100 ppm Zn as LCZ (LCZ-1), 200 ppm Zn as LCZ (LCZ-2), or 400 ppm Zn as LCZ (LCZ-3) for 14-d, respectively. The LCZ-3 group resulted in higher (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions and activities of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in jejunal mucosa compared with the ZnO-1 and LCZ-1 groups, while no difference was observed in the mRNA level of antioxidant genes between the ZnO-1 and ZnO-2 groups. Within the LCZ groups, the LCZ level linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) increased antioxidant enzymes in the jejunum. The maximum response of jejunal antioxidant enzymes to Zn supplementation was achieved by 400 ppm of LCZ. Hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes was unaffected by Zn source and level, while hepatic SOD and GST activities were greater (P < 0.05) in the LCZ-3 group than in the ZnO-1 group. No difference was observed in lipid peroxidation of the jejunum and liver and the total antioxidant power of plasma among groups. In conclusion, a supplementation with 400 ppm of LCZ resulted in a maximum increase in antioxidant enzymes, indicating that LCZ may affect antioxidant defense system more profoundly than ZnO.
Subject(s)
Catalase , Diet , Glutathione Peroxidase , Glutathione Transferase , Intestine, Small , Intestines , Jejunum , Lipid Peroxidation , Liver , Mucous Membrane , Plasma , RNA, Messenger , Zinc Oxide , ZincABSTRACT
To study what kind of role uric acid play on the relationship between oxidative Stress and inflammation in peripheral and cerebral system of oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Twenty-six eight male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly. Potassium oxonate was used to establish hyperuricemic model for four weeks. In 2nd and 4th week, uric acid (UA) level, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Gu,Zn-SOD activity and interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) concentration in serum were determined respectively. In 4th week, one hour after last PO treatment, five rats of every group were given Evans Blue to test blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Other brains were obtained to analysis T-SOD, Gu,Zn-SOD activity and IL-1ß concentration in cerebral system. Meanwhile, brain and kidney were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to observe pathological change. In 2nd week, both of T-SOD and Gu,Zn-SOD activity in serum increased obviously (P<0.05) in hyperuricemia rats. However, IL-1ß content didn't change remarkably. In the 4th week, T-SOD activity in model group had become similar with control group, and at the same time IL-1ß content in serum increased significantly (P<0.05). Pathological section showed the structural and functional unit of the kidney had been damaged. On the contrary, both of T-SOD and Gu,Zn-SOD activity in brain increased obviously (P<0.05), but IL-1ß concentration was no significant difference between two groups. In addition, the results of Evans Blue and H&E suggested the integrity of BBB and structure of brain were not changed after PO treatment. The permeability of BBB and form of UA would be potential factors to decide what kind role UA play on keeping balance between anti-oxidative stress and induction of inflammatory response.